OrangeVenus

Financial services

2007-01-10T09:30:00.000-08:00

Owner of 0800Promote, steve harris
has launched a new estate agency business, bringing a fresh approach to property services in North London.

Argentina

2005-03-18T03:03:00.000-08:00

Because almost all Argentines are descendants of immigrants from Europe, their culture has a more distinctly European orientation than that of other Latin Americans; however, Argentine artists, writers, and entertainers no longer look to Europe as a sole gauge of their success. Blending Old World customs and New World inspirations, Argentina has developed a unique

Conductors Play Musical Chairs

2005-03-17T07:37:00.000-08:00

In recent years conductors have increasingly become the musical equivalents of professional athletes, parlaying their high-profile public personas and singular skills in a market that is driven by professional excellence and name value. Given that, 2003 was a particularly busy year for conductors, many of whom played their own version of musical chairs at orchestras

Polish Literature, Literature after 1945

2005-03-15T11:34:00.000-08:00

The impact of World War II, the experience of occupation, and the establishment of the People's Republic in 1945 decisively affected the character of literature in Poland and also produced a number of émigré writers who had become famous between World Wars I and II. Among the latter were lyrical poets of the Skamander group, former associates of the Awangarda movement,

Prickleback

2005-03-13T13:29:00.000-08:00

Any of numerous fishes constituting the family Stichaeidae (order Perciformes). All of the approximately 60 species are marine, and most are restricted to the northern Pacific Ocean; a few species occur in the North Atlantic. Members of the family are characteristically elongate, with a low dorsal fin running the length of the body. In most species the pelvic fins are

Sankt Gallen

2005-03-09T21:06:00.000-08:00

French Saint-gall, canton, northeastern Switzerland, bounded north by Lake Constance (Bodensee); east by the Rhine Valley, which separates it from the Austrian Vorarlberg Bundesland (federal state) and from Liechtenstein; south by the cantons of Graubünden, Glarus, and Schwyz; west by the canton of Zürich; and northwest by the canton of Thurgau. Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden and Appenzell Inner-Rhoden

Fen River

2005-03-07T14:31:00.000-08:00

The Fen River and its tributaries

Ahmadu Seku

2005-03-05T02:16:00.000-08:00

Succeeding his father, al-Hajj 'Umar, in 1864, Ahmadu ruled over a great empire centred on the ancient Bambara kingdom of Segu, in present Mali. By the Treaty of Nango (1881) he granted France most-favoured-nation status. After the advance of the

Eunomius

2005-03-03T21:27:00.000-08:00

After serving as secretary to Aëtius in Alexandria, Eunomius

Nadi, Nedo; And Nadi, Aldo

2005-03-01T22:41:00.000-08:00

Italian brothers who were among the greatest and most versatile fencers in the history of the sport. At the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium, the Nadi brothers led Italy to a sweep of the gold medals in the three team events. Nedo also captured the gold medal in the individual foil and

Quadruple Alliance

2005-02-26T17:03:00.000-08:00

Alliance formed on April 22, 1834, between Britain, France, and the more liberal claimants to the thrones of Spain and Portugal against the conservative claimants to those thrones. The alliance successfully supported Maria Cristiana, who was acting as regent for Isabella II in Spain and had allied herself with the liberals against the pretender Don Carlos in the First

San Fernando

2005-02-24T03:09:00.000-08:00

Cabecera (principal built-up area) and partido (political subdivision) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, Arg. It lies north of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires province, on the Río de la Plata estuary. Colonization of the area began with the second and permanent founding of Buenos Aires (1580). During this period the region was known as Costa de Monte Grande. In 1780 the parish of

Reuben

2005-02-23T18:03:00.000-08:00

After the Exodus out of Egypt, Joshua led the Israelites into the Promised Land and divided the territory among the 12 tribes. The tribe of Reuben apparently settled east of

Ac/dc

2005-02-21T11:22:00.000-08:00

Australian heavy metal band whose theatrical, high-energy shows placed them among the most popular stadium performers of the 1980s. The principal members were Angus Young (b. March 31, 1955, Glasgow, Scot.), Malcolm Young (b. Jan. 6, 1953, Glasgow), Bon Scott (original name Ronald Belford Scott; b. July 9, 1946, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scot.—d. Feb. 21, 1980, London, Eng.), Brian Johnson (b. Oct. 5, 1948, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear,

Insurance, Renewability

2005-02-19T19:12:00.000-08:00

An important condition of health insurance is that of renewability. Some contracts are cancelable at any time upon short notice. Others are not cancelable during the year's term of coverage, but the insurer may refuse to renew coverage for a subsequent year or may renew only at higher rates or under restrictive conditions. Thus the insured may become ill with a chronic

Ani

2005-02-16T16:07:00.000-08:00

Any of three species of big-billed, glossy black birds of the genus Crotophaga of the cuckoo family (Cuculidae), of tropical America. These insect eaters forage on the ground in close and noisy flocks, often in fields with cattle. The bill is high-arched, bladelike, and hook-tipped; the tail is long and broad; the wings are short; and the plumage is floppy, so that

Ani

2005-02-15T13:14:00.000-08:00

The organization is composed of five program offices: Aeronautics and Space Technology, for the development of equipment; Space Science and Applications, dealing with programs

United Nations, Flag Of The

2005-02-12T11:08:00.000-08:00

In April 1945, near the end of World War II, 50 Allied nations gathered in San Francisco. The lapel button worn by delegates was “smoke blue,” a shade chosen by U.S. Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. The design on the button, by Donal McLaughlin, showed a view of the Earth based on a projection centred on the North Pole. This indicated the worldwide scope of the new organization,

Futabatei Shimei

2005-02-10T20:55:00.000-08:00

Although Futabatei wrote three novels and translated many stories,

Peresvetov, Ivan Semenovich

2005-02-08T15:11:00.000-08:00

In 1549 he presented his Two Books (Dve Knigi) to Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. These works were ostensibly an account of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

Biblical Literature, The canon of the Prophets

2005-02-06T08:01:00.000-08:00

The Hebrew canon of the section of the Old Testament known as the Nevi'im, or the Prophets, is divided into two sections: the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Former Prophets contains four historical books—Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings; the Latter Prophets includes four prophetic works—the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve (Minor) Prophets.

Race, The institutionalizing of race

2005-02-05T22:00:00.000-08:00

Slavery by nature creates social distance between masters and slaves, and intellectuals are commonly called upon to affirm and justify such distinctions. As learned men began to write a great deal about the “racial” populations of the New World, Indians and Negroes were increasingly projected as alien. In this way did the Enlightenment thinkers help pro-slavery

Korbut, Olga Valentinovna

2005-02-02T20:15:00.000-08:00

At age 11, Korbut entered a Soviet sports school led by Renald Knysh, her future coach. He taught her the difficult backward somersault on the balance beam. Using this maneuver, she first competed in the 1969 U.S.S.R. championships, placing fifth. In the

Gabon

2005-02-01T02:21:00.000-08:00

Roland Pourtier, Le Gabon, 2 vol. (1989), provides an introduction. Institut Pédagogique National (Gabon), Géographie et cartographie du Gabon (1983), is an illustrated atlas. Two studies of the Mpongwe are Henry Bucher, “The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Gabon Estuary: The Mpongwe to 1860,” in Paul E. Lovejoy (ed.), Africans in Bondage (1986), pp. 137–154, and “The Village of Glass and Western Intrusion: An Mpongwe Response to the American and French Presence in the Gabon Estuary: 1842–1845,” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 6(3):363–400 (1973). James W. Fernandez, Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa (1982), examines the most important syncretic cult. Pierre-Claver Maganga-Moussavou, Economic Development—Does Aid Help? (1983; originally published in French, 1982), critiques French economic involvement in independent Gabon. Marc Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Gabon: The Development of a Nation (1989; originally published in French, 1987), discusses economic policies and conditions.

Karamzin, Nikolay Mikhaylovich

2005-01-29T02:23:00.000-08:00

From an early age, Karamzin was interested in Enlightenment philosophy and western European literature. After extensive travel in western Europe,

Dracontius, Blossius Aemilius

2005-01-27T21:58:00.000-08:00

At Carthage Dracontius received the traditional rhetorical education and practiced as a lawyer. Though his family was initially favoured by the Vandals, he eventually suffered imprisonment

An Lu-shan

2005-01-26T20:10:00.000-08:00

Pinyin An Lushan , original name (Wade-Giles romanization) K'ang , imperial name Hsiung Wu , canonized name Yen La Wang Chinese general of Iranian and Turkish descent who, as leader of a rebellion in AD 755, proclaimed himself emperor and unsuccessfully attempted to found a dynasty to replace the T'ang dynasty. Despite its failure, the rebellion precipitated far-reaching social and economic change.

Epistemology, Epistemology as a discipline

2005-01-22T20:21:00.000-08:00

Why should there be such a subject as epistemology? Aristotle provided the answer when he said that philosophy begins in wonder, in a kind of puzzlement about things. Nearly all human beings wish to comprehend the world they live in, a world that includes the individual as well as other persons, and most people construct hypotheses of varying degrees of sophistication

Interior Design, Ceilings

2005-01-20T06:01:00.000-08:00

Although ceilings are in most interiors the largest unbroken surface, they are often ignored by amateur designers and even by professional designers. The result, especially in public and office interiors, is frequently a mass of unrelated lighting devices, air conditioning outlets, and the like. Ceilings were emphasized in the Baroque and 18th-century traditions:

Smith, Bernard

2005-01-17T19:41:00.000-08:00

Smith was an apprentice of the German organ builder Christian Förmer but adapted easily to the English style of building after his emigration there in 1660. Some years after building an instrument for the Chapel Royal at London, Smith was named king's organ maker (1681). Thereafter he built many important

Quincy

2005-01-16T09:57:00.000-08:00

City, Norfolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., on Boston Harbor, just southeast of Boston. In 1625 the site, which was settled by Captain Wollaston, was given the name Mount Wollaston, and a short time afterward, under the leadership of Thomas Morton, it was renamed Merry Mount; in 1627 Morton, an anti-Puritan, was exiled for celebrating May Day. Set off from Braintree and incorporated

Gao Xingjian

2005-01-13T00:55:00.000-08:00

Gao was educated in state schools and from 1957 to 1962 attended the Beijing Foreign Languages Institute,

Shibin Al-kawm

2005-01-12T03:10:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Shebin El-Kom capital of Al-Minufiyah muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. It lies 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Cairo in the southern Nile River delta. Its centre, 10 miles (16 km) east of the Rosetta Branch of the Nile, is situated on the west side of the Shibin Canal, which flows north from Al-Khayriyah Dam to irrigate a rich alluvial region growing cotton, flax, and cereals. Shibin Al-Kawm's manufactures include

Sullivan, Louis

2005-01-09T17:47:00.000-08:00

In full Louis Henry Sullivan American architect, regarded as the spiritual father of modern American architecture and identified with the aesthetics of early skyscraper design. His more than 100 works in collaboration (1879–95) with Dankmar Adler include the Auditorium Building, Chicago (1887–89); the Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York (1894–95; now Prudential

Vladimir

2005-01-07T06:24:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Vladimir oblast (province), western Russia, situated on the Klyazma River. Vladimir was founded in 1108 by Vladimir II Monomakh, grand prince of Kiev. The community became the centre of a princedom, deriving importance from trade along the Klyazma. In 1157 Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky moved his capital there from Kiev. The city was twice sacked

India Rubber Plant

2005-01-05T04:04:00.000-08:00

Young plants available in the florist's trade are durable

Balaklava, Battle Of

2005-01-04T11:24:00.000-08:00

Balaklava also spelled Balaclava (Oct. 25 [Oct. 13, Old Style], 1854), indecisive military engagement of the Crimean War, best known as the inspiration of the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson's “Charge of the Light Brigade.” In this battle, the Russians failed to capture Balaklava, the Black Sea supply port of the British, French, and Turkish forces in the southern Crimea; but the British lost control of their best supply

France

2005-01-03T23:38:00.000-08:00

Officially French Republic, French France, or République Française, country in western Europe. It is one of the oldest and historically and culturally most important nations of Europe and, indeed, of the whole Western world. It lies near the western end of the great Eurasian landmass, largely between latitudes 42° and 51° N, and covers a total area of 210,026 square miles (543,965 square kilometres). The capital is Paris. Roughly hexagonal in outline, its continental

Biblical Literature, Italian versions

2005-01-01T15:29:00.000-08:00

These medieval versions were never made from the original languages. They were influenced by French and Provençal renderings as well as by the form of the Latin Vulgate current

Berber

2005-01-01T04:38:00.000-08:00

Any of the descendants of the pre-Arab inhabitants of North Africa. The Berbers are scattered in tribes across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt and tend to be concentrated in the mountain and desert regions of those countries. Smaller numbers of Berbers live in the northern portions of Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. They speak various languages belonging to

Naber, John

2004-12-30T13:56:00.000-08:00

At the 1976 Olympics, Naber became the first swimmer to break the 2-minute barrier

Wang Fu-chih

2004-12-30T02:56:00.000-08:00

Born and educated during the last years of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Wang was an ardent patriot who bitterly resisted the invasion of China by the Manchu tribes

Arts, Islamic, Turkish

2004-12-28T19:49:00.000-08:00

In Turkey, the adoption of Western forms began in the 1920s. Of major importance in modern Turkish literature was Orhan Veli Kanik, who combined perfect technique with “Istanbulian” charm. His work is sometimes melancholy, sometimes frivolous, but always convincing. He strongly influenced a group of poets whose names are connected with the avant-garde literary magazine

Humanism, François Rabelais (c. 14901533)

2004-12-27T14:29:00.000-08:00

Rabelais ranks with Boccaccio as a founding father of Western realism. As a satirist and stylist (in his hands French prose became a free, poetic form), he influenced writers as important as Jonathan Swift, Laurence Sterne, and James Joyce and may be seen as a major precursor of modernism. His five books concerning the deeds of the giant princes Gargantua and

Antarctica, Relief

2004-12-26T07:44:00.000-08:00

Effects of glacial erosion and deposition dominate

Great Chain Of Being

2004-12-25T23:44:00.000-08:00

Also called Chain Of Being, conception of the nature of the universe that had a pervasive influence on Western thought, particularly through the ancient Greek Neoplatonists and derivative philosophies during the European Renaissance and the 17th and early 18th centuries. The term denotes three general features of the universe: plenitude, continuity, and gradation. The principle of plenitude

Hippocrates

2004-12-24T11:47:00.000-08:00

Trustworthy information about Hippocrates' life is scanty. His younger contemporary Plato referred to him twice. In the Protagoras Plato called Hippocrates “the Asclepiad of Cos” who taught students for fees and implied that Hippocrates was as well known as a physician as Polyclitus and Phidias were as sculptors. It is now widely accepted that an “Asclepiad” was

Holocaust, Non-Jewish victims of Nazism

2004-12-24T02:41:00.000-08:00

Political dissidents, trade unionists, and Social Democrats were among the first to be arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. Under

Lenz's Law

2004-12-22T09:34:00.000-08:00

Thrusting a pole of a permanent bar magnet through a coil of wire, for example, induces an electric current in the coil; the current in turn sets

Einhard

2004-12-22T07:47:00.000-08:00

Einhard was educated after 779 in the monastery of Fulda; his brilliance was soon recognized, and he was sent to Charlemagne's Palace School at Aachen

Auburn System

2004-12-21T09:09:00.000-08:00

Penal method of the 19th century in which persons worked during the day and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times. The silent system evolved during the 1820s at Auburn Prison in Auburn, N.Y., as an alternative to and modification of the Pennsylvania system of solitary confinement, which it gradually replaced in the United States. Later

Gyor-moson-sopron

2004-12-19T13:10:00.000-08:00

Megye (county), northwestern Hungary, bordering Austria and Slovakia to the north. It contains some of the nation's richest farmland, supporting sugar beets, apricots, and livestock. In the west-central part of the megye is the Hanság, a region of swamps and moorland, partly drained and recovered through canalization. Between the Danube main channel and the Moson arm

Allen, Steve

2004-12-19T10:00:00.000-08:00

Allen's mother was a comedienne, and his father was a singer and foil for her in their vaudeville act. When Allen was 18 months old, his father died, and

China, The Ch'ing Empire

2004-12-18T20:49:00.000-08:00

After 1683 the Ch'ing rulers turned their attention to consolidating control over their frontiers. Taiwan became part of the empire, and military expeditions against perceived threats in north and west Asia created the largest empire China has ever known. From the late 17th to the early 18th century Ch'ing armies destroyed the Oyrat Empire based in Dzungaria and incorporated

Quiché

2004-12-16T07:40:00.000-08:00

Also called Quiché Maya, Mayan Indians living in the midwestern highlands of Guatemala. The Quiché Maya had an advanced civilization in pre-Columbian times, with a high level of political and social organization. Archaeological remains show large population centres and a complex class structure. Written records of Quiché history and mythology are preserved in the Popol Vuh, written

Czech Republic, History Of

2004-12-15T15:17:00.000-08:00

The Czech Republic came into being on Jan. 1, 1993, upon the dissolution of the Czechoslovak federation. At the time of separation, the federation's assets were divided at a ratio of two to one

Nephelinite

2004-12-15T08:12:00.000-08:00

Silica-poor (basic) lava that contains nepheline and pyroxene and is usually completely crystallized. Despite its wide geographic distribution and occasional extensive local development, it is a very rare rock. Known only from Tertiary strata (about 2,500,000 to 65,000,000 years in age), nephelinites are abundant in the Canary Islands, the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, and Isla Fernando

Ataxite

2004-12-14T08:36:00.000-08:00

Any iron meteorite containing less than about 6 percent nickel (nickel-poor ataxites) or more than about 11 percent nickel (nickel-rich ataxites). Ataxites, containing plessite, troilite, and kamacite as their main minerals, show neither the Widmanstätten pattern nor Neumann lines. Nickel-poor ataxites generally have the same nickel content as hexahedrites but have

Albany Congress

2004-12-13T23:05:00.000-08:00

Conference in U.S. colonial history (June 19–July 11, 1754) at Albany, N.Y., which advocated a union of the British colonies in North America for their security and defense against the French, foreshadowing their later unification. The conference was convened by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois Confederacy, wavering between the French and the

Novgorod

2004-12-11T15:00:00.000-08:00

Oblast (province), northwestern Russia, occupying an area of 21,300 square miles (55,300 square km) and extending across the morainic Valdai Hills, which rise to 971 ft (296 m); the lowland basins of Lake Ilmen lie to the west and of the upper Volga River to the east. Much of the oblast's terrain is in swamp of peat bog or reed and grass marsh, with innumerable small lakes. The remainder (about 60 percent)

Saudi Arabia, The armed forces

2004-12-10T13:52:00.000-08:00

Military service is voluntary. The army accounts for about three-fifths of the total military force. It experienced rapid modernization especially after the Arab-Israeli War of 1967. Army officers are trained at King 'Abd al-'Aziz Military Academy just north of Riyadh. The air force was equipped largely by the British until the 1970s, when the kingdom began to buy aircraft from

Amanollah Khan

2004-12-10T07:41:00.000-08:00

A favoured son of the Afghan ruler Habibollah Khan, Amanollah took possession of the throne immediately after his father's assassination in 1919, at a time when Great Britain exercised an important influence on Afghan affairs. In his coronation address

Alkali Flat

2004-12-09T02:09:00.000-08:00

Also called Salina, or Salt Flat, a playa, or dried-out desert lake, especially one containing high concentrations of precipitated dry, glistening salts. The term is generally limited to flats in the western United States, the most famous being the Bonneville Salt Flats (q.v.) west of Salt Lake City, where automobile speed records are set.

Usak

2004-12-07T23:11:00.000-08:00

Usak is noted for its carpet industry, with specialization in heavy-pile carpets.

Forage

2004-12-06T08:06:00.000-08:00

Vegetable food of wild or domestic animals. In agriculture, harvested, processed, and stored forage is called silage (q.v.).

Olympic Games, Helsinki, Finland, 1952

2004-12-05T05:23:00.000-08:00

The 1952 Games were the first Olympics since 1912 in which the Soviet Union participated, and the international tension caused by the Cold War initially prevailed. Prior to the Games, the U.S. Olympic Committee used the rivalry between East and West to raise funds for the U.S. team. The Soviet Union announced plans to house their athletes in Leningrad and fly into Helsinki each

Gahnite

2004-12-04T03:28:00.000-08:00

The mineral zinc aluminum oxide, a member of the spinel (q.v.) series.

Faraday

2004-12-04T00:37:00.000-08:00

Unit of electricity, used in the study of electrochemical reactions and equal to the amount of electric charge that liberates one gram equivalent of any ion from an electrolytic solution. It was named in honour of the 19th-century English scientist Michael Faraday and equals 9.6485309 ´ 104 coulombs, or 6.0221367 ´ 1023 electrons (see also Avogadro's law).

Sannyasi

2004-12-03T00:18:00.000-08:00

Also spelled sannyasin , Sanskrit Sannyasin (“abandoning,” or “throwing down”) in Hinduism, a religious ascetic, one who has renounced the world, having achieved the fourth ashrama, or stage, of life. The name sannyasi also specifically designates an ascetic who pays particular allegiance to the god Siva, who is sometimes known as “the great ascetic.” The Saiva ascetics were organized in the 8th century AD by the renowned Hindu teacher Sankara into 10 orders,

Abominable Snowman

2004-12-02T02:53:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Yeti mythical monster supposed to inhabit the Himalayas at about the level of the snow line. Though reports of actual sightings of such a creature are rare, certain mysterious markings in the snow have traditionally been attributed to it. Those not caused by lumps of snow or stones falling from higher regions and bouncing across the lower slopes have probably been produced

Cloudberry

2004-11-30T22:37:00.000-08:00

Eskimos

Muravyov, Nikolay Nikolayevich, Count (graf) Amursky

2004-11-30T21:14:00.000-08:00

A lieutenant general in the Russian army, Muravyov was appointed governor-general of eastern Siberia in 1847. Despite the opposition

Maywood, Augusta

2004-11-29T13:01:00.000-08:00

Augusta Williams was the daughter of itinerant English actors. She acquired the name of her stepfather, the theatrical manager Robert Campbell Maywood, when she was three. She began studying ballet under Paul H. Hazard in 1836, and in 1837 she made

Widener, Peter A.b.

2004-11-28T22:08:00.000-08:00

The son of poor parents, Widener began his working career as a butcher, eventually establishing a successful chain of meat stores. At the same time, he became active in Philadelphia politics, rising to the position of city treasurer in 1873. Later, making good use of his political

Saho

2004-11-25T05:00:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Sao, Shaho, Shoho, or Shiho, also called Afar-saho, language spoken by several peoples, most of whom inhabit the coastal plains of southern Eritrea. Saho is generally classified as an Eastern Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) language family. The Saho-speaking peoples are bordered to the north by the Tigre, to the west by the Tigray, and to the south and east by the Afar, with whose language

Weather Satellite

2004-11-23T11:53:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of Earth satellites designed to monitor meteorological conditions (see Earth satellite).

Harbours And Sea Works

2004-11-22T15:54:00.000-08:00

The construction of harbours and sea works offers some of the most unusual problems and challenges in civil engineering. The continuous and immediate

Freckle

2004-11-22T04:32:00.000-08:00

Also called ephelis , plural ephelides, a small, brownish, well-circumscribed, stainlike spot on the skin occurring most frequently in red- or sandy-haired individuals. In genetically predisposed individuals who have been exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight, production of the pigment melanin increases in the pigment cells of the skin (melanocytes); the number of melanocytes does not increase.

Antarctica, The land

2004-11-20T05:01:00.000-08:00

Asean Regional Forum

2004-11-20T00:52:00.000-08:00

Reference guides useful for research on the ARF are Anthony McGrew and Christopher Brook (eds.), Asia-Pacific in the New World Order (1998); and Lawrence T. Woods, Asia-Pacific Diplomacy: Nongovernmental Organizations and International Relations (1993).

Musgrave, Story

2004-11-19T11:27:00.000-08:00

After serving in the Marine Corps, Musgrave earned an impressive list of academic credentials, including bachelor's or master's degrees in mathematics, operations analysis, chemistry, literature, and physiology, as well as a medical degree from Columbia University (1964). In 1967, as an expert

Abel, John Jacob

2004-11-18T05:48:00.000-08:00

Abel taught at the University of Michigan, Ann

Benaud, Richie

2004-11-17T08:48:00.000-08:00

Byname of Richard Benaud cricketer who is best remembered as one of Australia's most imaginative captains. Benaud made his debut in first-class cricket at the age of 18 and first appeared in Test (international) matches in 1951. He was appointed captain of the Australian national team in 1958. With his leadership and shrewd knowledge of the game, Benaud led Australia to victory

Botany Bay

2004-11-15T17:50:00.000-08:00

The bay was the site in 1770 of Captain James Cook's first landing in Australia. He named it Stingray Harbour but later changed the name because

Mcmanus, Rachel Louise

2004-11-15T08:10:00.000-08:00

McManus graduated from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, before earning a nursing degree from the Massachusetts General Hospital School of Nursing. Her long association with Columbia

Rybinsk

2004-11-13T20:56:00.000-08:00

Formerly (1946–57) Shcherbakov , or (1984–88) Andropov city, Yaroslavl oblast (province), northwestern Russia, on the Volga River. The 12th-century village of Rybnaya sloboda became the town of Rybinsk in 1777. Its river port flourished after the opening (1810) of the Mariinsk Waterway, linking the Volga to the Baltic Sea, and again with the latter's reconstruction as the deep Volga-Baltic Waterway in 1964. A wide range of engineering and other

Computers, The Analytical Engine

2004-11-12T21:33:00.000-08:00

The Analytical

Visual Pigment

2004-11-12T08:07:00.000-08:00

It is believed that all animals employ the same basic pigment structure, consisting of a coloured molecule, or chromophore (the carotenoid retinal, sometimes called retinene), and a protein, or opsin, of moderate size.

Vending Machine

2004-11-11T22:46:00.000-08:00

Coin-actuated machine through which various goods may be retailed. Vending machines should not be confused with coin-operated amusement games or music machines. The first known commercial use of vending machines came early in the 18th century in England, where coin-actuated “honour boxes” were used to sell snuff and tobacco. These devices were also in use in the British-American

Locoweed

2004-11-10T18:40:00.000-08:00

Any of several species of poisonous plants of the genera Astragalus and Oxytropis, in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to the prairies of north central and western North America. Locoweeds pose a danger to livestock, horses, and other grazing animals, because they contain a toxin that affects muscle control, producing frenzied behaviour, impaired vision,

Gabon, Settlement patterns

2004-11-09T23:42:00.000-08:00

Gabon's major towns—Libreville, Port-Gentil, Lambaréné, Moanda, Mouila, Oyem, Franceville, and Bitam—contain nearly two-fifths of the total population. The remainder is scattered widely among some 4,000 rural villages, which are concentrated along the rivers and roads, often with a population of no more than a few families. Port-Gentil is the centre of the wood and petroleum

Christianity, New forms of worship

2004-11-07T19:46:00.000-08:00

The veneration of martyrs and the growth of pilgrimages stimulated liturgical elaboration. Great centres (Jerusalem and Rome, in particular) became models for others, which encouraged regional standardization and cross-fertilization. Though the pattern of the eucharistic liturgy was settled by the 4th century, there were many variant forms, especially of the

Aesthetics, The aesthetic experience

2004-11-06T19:47:00.000-08:00

Such considerations point toward the aforementioned approach that begins with the aesthetic experience as the most likely to capture the full range of aesthetic phenomena without begging the important philosophical questions about their nature. Can we then single out a faculty, an attitude, a mode of judgment, or a form of experience that is distinctively aesthetic?

Biblical Literature, Additions to Daniel and Esther

2004-11-04T23:19:00.000-08:00

Two of the Old Testament Hagiographa (Ketuvim; see above The Hebrew canon)—Daniel and Esther—contain, in their Greek translations, numerous additions.

Coke

2004-11-04T03:13:00.000-08:00

Solid residue remaining after certain types of bituminous coals are heated to a high temperature out of contact with air until substantially all of the volatile constituents have been driven off. The residue is chiefly carbon, with minor amounts of hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Also present in coke is the mineral matter in the original coal, chemically

Forbes, Steve

2004-11-03T08:40:00.000-08:00

Forbes graduated from Princeton University in 1970 with a B.A. degree in American history. He then went to work as a researcher for Forbes magazine, which was headed by his father, Malcolm S. Forbes, Sr. In 1973 he began writing a column for the

Coke

2004-11-01T16:01:00.000-08:00

Major Canadian professional gridiron football organization, formed in 1956 as the Canadian Football Council, created by the Western Interprovincial Football Union (WIFU) and the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (IRFU). Though the IRFU still referred to their sport as rugby football, the member clubs played a gridiron style of football. The WIFU and IRFU became,

Chanson De Roland, La

2004-10-31T17:39:00.000-08:00

English The Song of Roland Old French epic poem that is probably the earliest (c. 1100) and certainly the masterpiece of chanson de geste (q.v.). The poem's probable author was a Norman poet, Turold, whose name is introduced in the last line of the poem. The song deals with the historical Battle of Roncesvalles (Roncevaux) in 778. Though the encounter was actually an insignificant skirmish against the Basques,

Adamawa Plateau

2004-10-31T01:42:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Adamaoua Plateau, volcanic upland in west-central Africa. Though chiefly in north-central Cameroon, part of the plateau, known as the Gotel Mountains, is in southeastern Nigeria. The plateau is the source of the Benue River. Its highest elevations are more than 8,700 feet (2,650 m) above sea level. Many craters and small lakes attest to the region's volcanic origin. Vegetation is chiefly savanna, with

John

2004-10-29T15:28:00.000-07:00

John was the younger son of Joachim I, elector of Brandenburg,

OrangeVenus

Financial services

Argentina

Conductors Play Musical Chairs

Polish Literature, Literature after 1945

Prickleback

Sankt Gallen

Fen River

Ahmadu Seku

Eunomius

Nadi, Nedo; And Nadi, Aldo

Quadruple Alliance

San Fernando

Reuben

Ac/dc

Insurance, Renewability

Ani

Ani

United Nations, Flag Of The

Futabatei Shimei

Peresvetov, Ivan Semenovich

Biblical Literature, The canon of the Prophets

Race, The institutionalizing of race

Korbut, Olga Valentinovna

Gabon

Karamzin, Nikolay Mikhaylovich

Dracontius, Blossius Aemilius

An Lu-shan

Epistemology, Epistemology as a discipline

Interior Design, Ceilings

Smith, Bernard

Quincy

Gao Xingjian

Shibin Al-kawm

Sullivan, Louis

Vladimir

India Rubber Plant

Balaklava, Battle Of

France

Biblical Literature, Italian versions

Berber

Naber, John

Wang Fu-chih

Arts, Islamic, Turkish

Humanism, François Rabelais (c. 14901533)

Antarctica, Relief

Great Chain Of Being

Hippocrates

Holocaust, Non-Jewish victims of Nazism

Lenz's Law

Einhard

Auburn System

Gyor-moson-sopron

Allen, Steve

China, The Ch'ing Empire

Quiché

Czech Republic, History Of

Nephelinite

Ataxite

Albany Congress

Novgorod

Saudi Arabia, The armed forces

Amanollah Khan

Alkali Flat

Usak

Forage

Olympic Games, Helsinki, Finland, 1952

Gahnite

Faraday

Sannyasi

Abominable Snowman

Cloudberry

Muravyov, Nikolay Nikolayevich, Count (graf) Amursky

Maywood, Augusta

Widener, Peter A.b.

Saho

Weather Satellite

Harbours And Sea Works

Freckle

Antarctica, The land

Humanism, François Rabelais (c. 14901533)